penalize (English)
├── -ize (English)
│ └── -isen (Middle English (1100-1500))
│ └── -iser (Old French (842-ca. 1400))
│ └── -izare (Latin)
│ └── -ιζειν (Ancient Greek (to 1453))
└── penal (English)
└── peinal (Old French (842-ca. 1400))
└── penalis (Latin)
└── poenalis (Latin)
└── poena (Latin)
└── ποινή (Ancient Greek (to 1453))
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